Turbulence-producing combustion  chamber fob internal-combustion



April 9, 1929. MOORE 1,708,428

'IURBULENCE PRODUCING COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Fild Oct. 22, 1926 INVENTQR MW: ATTO R N EY Patented Apr. 9, 1929.

PATENT OFFICE.

ARLINGTON MOOREQF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO MAXMOQR CURPURATION, 0F LEIEW' YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TURBULENCE-PRODUCING COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application. filed ()ctober 22, 1926. 7 Serial No. 143,317.

My invention is of an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber of a formation adapted to promote turbulence and avoid detonation.

One object of the invention is the provision of means for creating especially high turbulence or agitation ot the charge gases in the neighborhood of the point of ignition.

Other objects will be pointed out in connection with the description of an illustrative embodiment of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a cross-section of an L-head tour-cycle internal combustion engine with combustion chamber constructed to embody my inven tion. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan View of the combustion chamber formed in the cylinder head of 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the piston head.

'lteterence character 1-0 designates a fourcycle internal combustion engine, which is here shown as of the side valve type, and specifically as an L-head engine, having a cylinder block 12 with the cylinder bore 14, piston 16, side valves 18, oi which one is shown, cylinder head 20, combustion chamber 22 and spark plug, or equivalent ignition means, 24.

The language oi the vertical engine is used herein, though not in a limiting sense, as the cylinders may be horizontal,inclined or ranged in other ways. I

The spark plug 24 is located at substantially the apex of a substantially conically recessed extension of the combustion chamber 22. 7

The walls of the recess are formed to present alternating surfaces arranged at an angle to one another and preferably to present a series of substantially plane surtaces 28 alternating with substantially vertical surfaces 30, the unctions between these surfaces being rounded or filleted to prevent undue localized heating. The sul'istantially plane surfaces 28 are preferably slanted somewhat to impart a swirling efl ect to gases commg into cont ct therewith, and a desirable ar- .and the substantially arch ceiling surfaces 3%, which latter surfaces, in addition to being arched to conform generally to the substa Q tially dome-like formation of this part of the combustion chamber, are preferably formed in substantially circular arcs when viewed in plan as in Fig. 2.

l/Vhile the piston head may be o'l various formations, it is preferably provided with the head projection 36 to extend or project up into the combustion chamber when the 7 piston is at top center. Such upward projection 36 of the piston 16 is preferably substantially helicoidal in form comprising a center platen 38, the spirally volute ramp shri aces 40 and the similarly volute riser surfaces 42 extending between adjacent convolutious or". the spiral ramp surfaces. This pis ton head is, however, not claimed per so herein. I

l i ithout commitment to a specific theory, my understanding oi the operation of an internal combustion engine, such as described and embodying my invention, is that at intake the charge gases are set into turbulence by thediiicrently directed surfaces encountered, which turbulence has components of swirling movement due to the spiral surfaces encountered, including the spiral ramp and riser surfaces in the spark plug recess and on the piston head, and the fuel is thoroughly distributed among the other charge components, that this result of turbulence and admixing is carried to a still higher degree upon the compression stroke of the piston, that flame travel after ignition is speeded up by the high state of turbulence obtained and by the surface-combustion effect of gas conany part which could become incandescent and cause preignition and deliver it to the 9::- tensive heat conducting surfaces on cylinder heat and piston.

The'lrighest benefits of the present invention are" realized when complete combustion and absence of carbon deposits are obtained by the use of my in'i proved system of combustion, involving the supplying to the engine intake above the throttle of exhaust gas and 1 air at temperatures and in proportions and quantities metered to suit the engine requirements at varying speeds and loads, set forth, for exaxmple, in my copending application Serial No. 757.075. tiled Dec. 19, 1924.

The subject matter of my invention disclosed in this application and not claimed therein is disclosed and claimed in part in my copending application Serial No. 140,726,

filed October 11, 19-26, renewed December -l-,

1928, in part of my copending' applicatioir Serial No. 141,289, filed October 13, 1926,

in part in my copending application Serial No. 142,230, filed October 18, 1926, renewed December 41, 1928, and in part in my copend ing application Serial N 0. 142,231 filedwOo tober 18, 1926. v

This application is' also a continuation inpart'of my application Serial: No. 125,414,

iiled July 28, 1926, and of my applicationv V bustion chamber ceiling about such recess Serial. No. 142,231, filed October 18, 1926. IClEIlH-I-L 1. an internal con'ibustion engine comprise in a portion of the ceiling of the combustion chamber diverging downwardly andsurrounding a portion of the combustion chamber space to provide a recess closed at the s dos thereof and-open at the base thereof;

1e surfaces arranged in step formation.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a portion: of the ceiling of the combustion chan'iber diverging downwardly and surrounding a portion of the combustion chamber. space to provide a closed at the sides thereof and open at the base thereof; the wall of said recess consistin of a series of surfaces arranged in step formation, and ignition means at the upper endfof said rechamber diverging downwardly and providing a conicalrccessopen at the base tl'iereof,

wall of said recess consisting of a series 0. An internal combustion engine compris ing a portion of the ceiling of'tl'ie combustion recess; the Wall of said recess consisting of horizontally extending surfaces facing downwardly and vertically extending surfaces conneeting the same.

l. An internal combustion engine comprising a portion of the ceiling of the combustion chamber diverging downwardly and surrounding aportion of the combustion chamber space to provide a .recess open at r recess. provided with surfaces of step forma tion, a spark plug therein, and portions of stepformation within the combustion cham- .ber beyond said recess. 7

7. An internal combustion engine compris;

ing a portion ofthe ceiling of the combustion chamberhaving a recess about the spark plug.

provided'with surfaces of step formation; a I portion of the wall O'fsilltl' combustion cham- V ber beyond said recess likewise consisting, of

surfaces arranged in step formation, and a 7 piston having a head projection of step formation adapted to extendi-nto the combustion chamber.

8. In an internal combustion; engine, acoin bustion chamber having arecess in which the 1 gniti n device is located and. having the comprovided with spiral am-p surfaces. 7 9. In aninternalcombustionengi1ie,a.co1n

bust on chamber having a substantially eonical recess provided with substantially spiral.

rainp'and riser surfaces, nd a hole for a spark plug provided in substantially the cenfor of said recess. p o

10. In an L-head four-cycle internal combustion engine, a combustion. chamber having the portion of its ceiling over the valves pro: vided with an upwardly.extending spirally ramped surface, and the portion overthe cylind-er bore of substantially half-dome formation and provided with alternating setsof differently directed surfaces.

11; In an internal combustion engine, a

combustion chamber having a recess about the spark plug provided with spiral lead snrfaces, and a piston having a projection into the combustion chamber provided withspiral lead surfaces.

12. In an L-head, four-,cycleinternal com.-

bu-stion engine, a cylinder head having the. N

ceiling of the cdmbustion chamber therein at the valve end formed with an upward substantially conical extension around the spark plug hole having a surface comprising spiral ramp and'riser portions, and having the end thereof over the cylinder bore of substantially half-dome formation with alternating substantially arched surfaces and riser si'irt'aces, and a piston having a substantially helicoidal head projection extending into the combustion chamber and provided with a spiral ramp and riser surfaces about such projections.

13. In an L-head, four-cycle internal combustion engine, a cylinder head having the combustion chamber therein formed with its ceiling walls divided into portions angularly related to one another and at least in part of spirally ramped formation and a piston ha"- ing a head projection adapted to extend into the combustion chamber and having its top surface of spiral ramp formation.

14:. In an internal combustion engine, a cylnder head having the combustion chamber therein formed with a spirally ramped ceil ing wall, and a piston having a spirally ramped projection on its head adapted to project into the combustion chamber at the top of the piston stroke.

15. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof extending later-- ally therefrom, a piston in said cylinder having a head of step formation projecting into said combustion chamber in the top center position ofsaid piston, intake and exhaust valves in the laterally extending portion of said combustion chamber, and ignition means therein; the ceiling of the part of the combustion chamber over said piston being of terrace formation and varying in height from the laterally extending portion of said combustion chamber.

16. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof extending laterally therefrom, a piston in said cylinder, and valves in said laterally extending portion of said combustion chamber; said piston having a step formation projecting" into said combustion chamber in the top center position therei of in. exposed relation to the laterally extending portion thereof, and the'ceiling of said combustion chamber opposite said piston having a step formation decreasing in height substantially from the valve side of the piston to the opposite side thereof.

17. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof extending laterally therefrom, a piston in said cylinder, and valves in. said laterally extending portion of said combustion chamber; said piston having a helicoidal step formation projecting into said combustion chamber in the top center position thereof in exposed relation to the laterally extending portion thereof, and the ceiling of said combustion chamber opposite said piston having a step formation decreasing in height substantially from the valve side of the piston to the opposite side thereof.

18. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at one end thereof ertendinglateral y therefrom; the ceiling of said combustion chamber eaten ding downwardly from the laterally extending portion. thereof to the side of the cylinder remote from portion, and a piston in said cylinder having a head of step formation increasing in height towards the center thereof, and in the top center position of said piston projecting beyond the end of said cylinder and facing the laterally extending portion of the combustion chan'iber.

18. [in internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at one end thereof extending laterally therefrom; the ceiling of said combustion chamber extending downwardly from the laterally extending portion thereof to the side of the cylinder remote from said portion, and a piston in said cylinder having a head of step forn'iation increasing in height to wards the center thereof, and in the top center position of saio piston projeciting beyond the end of said cylinder and facing the laterally extending portion of the combustion chamher, and ignition means in the laterally extending portion of the combustion chamber.

20. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chair-- her at one end thereof extending laterally therefrom; the ceiling of said combustion chamber extending downwardly from the laterally extending portion thereof to the side of the cylinder remote from said portion, and a piston in said cylinder having a head of helicoidal step formation increasing in height towards the center thereof, and in the top center position of said piston projecting beyond the end of said cylinder and facing the laterally extending portion of the combustion chamber, and ignition means in the laterally extending portion of the con'ibustion chamber.

21. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at one end thereof extending laterally therefrom, valves in said laterally eatendma portion, ignition means therein,.and a piston in said cylinder having a head of step formation increasing in height towards the center thereof, and, in the top center position of said piston, projecting beyond the end of said cylinder and facing the laterally extending portion of the combustion chamber.

22. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combusti on chamber at the end thereof extending laterally therefrom, a piston in said cylinder having a head of helicoidal step formation increasing in height toward the center thereof, and, in

the tog ccntcr position oft said piston, projocting beyond: the curl of said cylinder and facing the laterally extending portion of the combustion chamber.

23. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder head having a combustion chamber coiling With surfaces in a variety of different 7 V planes in combination with a piston having, a substantially hclicoiclal head projection extending up into the combustion chamber.

In testimony whereof, I have signed-"my namehcrcto.

ARLINGToN MOORE; 

